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Vous êtes dans : >> Regard sur l’actualité
Nigeria
Les dangers du communautarisme
On ne sait vraiment plus ce qu’il faut penser de ce Nigeria. Quand ce ne sont pas des populations qui sont régulièrement carbonisées parce qu’elles ont tenté de siphonner des pipelines ou volé du pétrole, ce sont de récurrents conflits ethno-religieux qui endeuillent le pays.
L’Etat le plus peuplé d’Afrique, avec 140 millions d’habitants, a ainsi été de nouveau le théâtre de violences inouïes, qui ont fait des centaines de morts, peut-être même un millier selon certaines sources. Vendredi et samedi, des émeutes ont en effet éclaté à l’issue des premières élections locales organisées depuis plus d’une décennie, à Jos, dans l’Etat du Plateau.
Il a suffi que les autorités ne soient pas en mesure d’afficher les résultats du scrutin pour que de nombreuses personnes dénoncent des tentatives de fraudes, débouchant très vite sur des affrontement entre partisans des deux principaux partis, le Parti de tous les peuples nigérians (ANPP) et le Parti démocratique du peuple (PDP). Une rumeur faisait état de ce que le premier avait perdu face au second, qui détient, on le sait, le pouvoir au niveau fédéral.
En fait, la déflagration n’aurait pas été aussi grande si la violence ne s’était pas propagée en épousant des lignes ethniques et religieuses, l’ANPP étant perçu comme une formation traditionnellement musulmane pendant que le PDP est essentiellement d’obédience chrétienne.
Et voici le pays, une fois de plus, en proie aux affres du communautarisme et du repli identitaire, qui font courir à ce géant de l’Afrique de l’Ouest de grands dangers. Tant qu’on reste sur le terrain politique, les lignes de fracture qui séparent les différentes chapelles peuvent se colmater plus facilement, mais quand on glisse sur les sables mouvants confessionnels et ethniques, on ne peut que s’y enfoncer.
Hélas, ce grand corps malade qu’est le Nigeria est coutumier du fait, particulièrement cette zone qui est souvent le théâtre de ces violences interreligieuses. On se rappelle qu’en 2001 des affrontements similaires avaient causé la mort de plus de 1 000 personnes, des événements tragiques réédités en 2004 (environ 700 morts) puis récemment en 2006. Des pertes en vies humaines souvent accompagnées de destructions de lieux de culte. Quand ils y vont donc, ils y vont franchement sans qu’aucun verset pacificateur ne puisse manifestement les raisonner.
S’ils n’y prennent gardent pourtant, les Nigerians s’approcheront chaque jour davantage de l’enfer, car, à force d’être attisées, ces braises jusque-là localisées finiront bien par se généraliser. A dire vrai, on en vient souvent à désespérer de ce qui devait être la locomotive de la sous-région. Engluée comme elle l’est dans ses propres contradictions, ce n’est pas demain qu’elle pourra en tirer les wagons, qui pâtissent même en réalité du désordre socio-économique de la tête de pont.
Adama Ouédraogo Damiss
lobservateur
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